Welcome to Vibrationdata Rocket Vehicle Acoustics & Vibration Page

Astronaut Michael Collins wrote: The first stage of the Titan II vibrated longitudinally, so that someone riding on it would be bounced up and down as if on a pogo stick. The vibration was at a relatively high frequency, about 11 cycles per second, with an amplitude of plus or minus 5 Gs in the worst case. _________________________________________   Michael Collins flew on the Gemini 10 and Apollo 11 missions. The Titan II was the booster for the Gemini spacecraft, as shown in the image.

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VIBROACOUSTICS Prediction of Sound Pressure Levels on Rocket Vehicles During Ascent: flow.pdf Vibration Response of a Panel to an Acoustic Pressure Field: ac_panel.pdf Vibration Response of a Cylindrical Skin to Acoustic Pressure via the Franken Method: Franken.pdf Richard Lyon, SVM-1, Random Noise and Vibration in Space Vehicles: Lyon1.pdf NASA CR-1302 Summary of Random Vibration Prediction Procedures: NASA_CR1302.pdf NASA CR-1596 Assessment of Space Vehicle Aeroacoustic-Vibration Prediction, Design, and Testing (Large File 57 Mb): NASA_CR1596.pdf Empirical Extrapolation of the Acoustically-Induced Random Vibration Level from a Reference Vehicle to a New Vehicle: Empirical_Extrapolation.pdf Arenas & Margashayam, Noise & Vibration of Spacecraft Structures: art09.pdf Margasahayam and Caimi, Random Vibration Response of a Cantilever beam to Acoustic Forcing by Supersonic Rocket Exhaust during a Space Shuttle Launch:  cantilever_acoustic.pdf Transmission Loss through a Honeycomb Cylindrical Shell: cylindrical_shell_TL.pdf Non-Gaussian Acoustic Pressure Amplitudes in High-Intensity Sound Fields: nongaussian_acoustics.pdf See also Vibroacoustics Page

BARRETT METHODS NASA TN D-1836, Techniques for Predicting Localized Vibratory Environments of Rocket Vehicles:  NASA_TN_D1836.pdf NASA TN D-2158, Statistical Techniques for Predicting Localized Vibratory Environments of Rocket Vehicles: Barrett-TN-D-2158-1964.pdf

LIFTOFF ACOUSTICS NASA SP-8072, Acoustic Loads Generated by the Propulsion System: sp8072.pdf  Haynes & Kenny, Modifications to the NASA SP-8072 Distributed Source Method II for Ares I Lift-off Environment Predictions: NASA_SP8072_Ares_I.pdf ATK Launch Vehicle (ALV-X1) Liftoff Acoustic Environments: Prediction vs. Measurement  ALV_X1_liftoff_acoustics.pdf Peter Franken, Methods of Space Vehicle Noise Prediction, WADC Technical Report 58-343, Volume II: Franken_acoustics.pdf Launch Vehicle Liftoff Acoustics Scaled from Ground to Air-Launch: aco_ground_air_launch.pdf Rocket Vehicle Liftoff Acoustics, Part I: Acoustic Pressure near Nozzle Exit Plane: liftoff.pdf Rocket Vehicle Liftoff Acoustics, Part III: Acoustic Attenuation: lift_att.pdf

EFFECT OF A ROCKET LAUNCH ENVIRONMENT ON GROUND EQUIPMENT Sonic and Vibration Environments for Ground Facilities - A Design Manual, Prepared for NASA by Wyle Laboratories: sonic_ground.pdf Atmospheric Sound Propagation from a Monopole Source via Direct, Reflected, and Surface Waves: direct_reflected.pdf Atmospheric Absorption: atmospheric_absorption.pdf Matlab Scripts Adjustment of SPL for ambient temperature and pressure: SPL_change_ambient.m Atmospheric Absorption: atmosphere_absorption.m Spherical propagation from a point source through the atmosphere with both direct and ground reflected waves: direct_reflected.m faddeeva.m progressbar.m

CASSINI NASA/TM-2000-209387, Investigation of Acoustic Fields for the Cassini Spacecraft: Reverberant Versus Launch Environment: Cassini_acoustics.pdf Cassini Spacecraft Acoustic Flight and Test Criteria: Cassini_acoustic_criteria.pdf

PAYLOAD ACOUSTICS - Acoustic Blankets, Melamine Foam Moved to:  Vibroacoustics Page

PAYLOAD ACOUSTICS - Fill Factors, Testing, etc. Moved to:  Vibroacoustics Page

SOLID MOTOR PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS Solid Rocket Motor Pressure Oscillation Frequencies: solid_motor_oscillation.pdf Includes Minuteman II Stage 3, SR-19 & M57A1, Castor 4B, Castor 120 and a variety of Peacekeeper, Minuteman and other motors. Simulated Sound file of M57A1 Resonance from Flight Accelerometer Data: M57.mp3 Simulated Sound file of SR19 Resonance from Static Fire Test Accelerometer Data: SR19.mp3 Russell G. Steeves, Aries Rocket Flight Vibration Environment, TEM-2, Multispectral Measurement Program, AFGL-TR-80-0364: Steeves.pdf Solid Motor & Liquid Engine Vibration Comparison: solid_to_liquid.pdf

LIQUID ENGINE POGO & PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS Vibration in Rocket Vehicles due to Combustion Instability: pogo.pdf J. Fenwick, Pogo: pogo_history.pdf Larsen, NASA Experience with Pogo in Human Spaceflight Vehicles: NASA_pogo_experience.pdf NASA SP-8055, Prevention of Coupled Structure-Propulsion Instability (POGO) : sp8055.pdf NASA TN-D7091, Longitudinal Oscillation of Launch Vehicles, NASA_TN_D7091.pdf

MAIN ENGINE CUT-OFF (MECO) Scott Gordon, Delta II MECO Transient: A Payload Perspective: MECO_trans_elv2002.pdf Isam Yunis, Delta II MECO: A High-Frequency High-Force Event: Yunis_MECO.pdf

PEGASUS The Pegasus Launch Vehicle: Shock and Vibration Environments PegasusSV.pdf Isam Yunis, Pegasus Captive Carry Random Vibration Testing Requirements: PegasusCC.pdf Waveform Synthesis of the Pegasus Drop Transient for Shaker Table Shock Testing: Pegasus_Drop_Synthesis.pdf Launch video: Pegasus_launch.avi

PROPELLANT SLOSH NASA SP-106  The Dynamic Behavior of Liquids in Moving Containers (Large File):  sp106.pdf NASA SP-8009 Propellant Slosh Loads: sp8009.pdf NASA SP-8031 Slosh Suppresion: sp8031.pdf See also: Fluid Dynamics

FLUTTER NACA TN-751 Damping Formulas and Experimental Values of Damping in Flutter Models: NACA TN-751 NASA SP-8003 Flutter, Buzz, and Divergence: sp8003.pdf NASA SP-8004 Panel Flutter: sp8004.pdf See also: Fluid Dynamics

ARES & ARES 1-X Dr. Steve Ryan, Vibration Challenges in the Design of NASA's Ares Launch Vehicles: Ares_vibration_challenges.pdf Dan Niedermaier & Mo Kaouk, Ares 1X Hybrid Modeling with Comparisons to Flight Data: 36_Dan Niedermaier.pdf Ares 1-X Flight Data, APO-1041:  Ares_1X_flight_data.pdf

COMBINED LOADS Combined Ascent Loads for Launch Vehicle Analysis: Combined_loads.pdf Dr. Steve Ryan, Vibration Challenges in the Design of NASA's Ares Launch Vehicles: Ares_vibration_challenges.pdf NASA SP-8099 Combining Ascent Loads: sp8099.pdf NASA, Combination Methods for Deriving Structural Design Loads Considering Vibro-Acoustic, etc., Responses: combining_VA.pdf

SPACECRAFT & PAYLOAD STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS Sample Lateral Natural Frequency Calculations for a Space Vehicle/Dispenser Analysis: lateralSV.pdf Mass Loading Effects for Heavy Equipment and Payloads: mass_loading.pdf Matlab script: mass_loading.m Mass Acceleration Curves:  mass_acceleration_curves.pdf

FUEL INJECTORS & CAVITATING VENTURI T. Irvine, Cavitating Venturi Oscillation: cavitating_venturi.pdf Miller, Anderson, Heister; Investigation of Liquid Rocket Injector Element Stability Margins: Anderson_cv.pdf Schmidt, Su, Goney, Farrell, Corradini; Detection of Cavitation in Fuel Injector Nozzles: Schmidt_cv.pdf

OTHER TUTORIALS Christensen, Brown, Frady, Calculation of Dynamic Load Due to Random Vibration Environments in Rocket Engine Systems:  Rocket_Engines_Dynamic_Loads.pdf Skin-to-Bulkhead Transmissibility: skin_bulkhead.pdf Launch Vehicle Body-Bending Dynamics & Nozzle Pivot: body_bending_dynamics.pdf General Electric, Missile Vibration Control: ge_missile.pdf Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Standard Interface Specification Version 6.0 (EELV SIS): EELVSIS.pdf NASA-HDBK-7005 Dynamic Environmental Criteria: NASA7005.pdf NASA Structural Design and Test Factors of Safety for Spaceflight Hardware: NASA_STD_5001A.pdf NASA SP-5002 Load Analyses of Spacecraft and Payloads: SP5002.pdf NASA-STD-7001A Payload Vibroacoustic Test Criteria:  NASA7001A.pdf NASA SP-8012 Natural Modal Vibration Analysis: sp8012.pdf NASA SP-8016 Effects of Structural Flexibility on Spacecraft Control Systems: sp8016.pdf NASA SP-8022 Staging Loads: sp8022.pdf NASA SP-8030 Transient Loads from Thrust Excitation: sp8030.pdf NASA SP-8035 Wind Loads During Ascent: sp8035.pdf NASA SP-8050 Structural Vibration Prediction: sp8050.pdf NASA SP-8051 Solid Rocket Motor Igniters: sp8051.pdf NASA SP-8056 Flight Separation Mechanisms: sp8056.pdf NASA SP-8077 Transportation and Handling Loads: sp8077.pdf NASA/TP-2010-216447, Applying Monte Carlo Simulation to Launch Vehicle Design and Requirements Analysis: NASA_TP_2010_216447.pdf Goddard General Environmental Verification Specification for STS & ELV Payloads, Subsystems, and Components: Goddard.zip The Natural Space Environment: Effects on Spacecraft: rp1350.pdf Payload Flight Equipment Requirements and Guidelines for Safety-Critical Stuctures, International Space Station Program:  SSP_52005_RevC.pdf Lamb, Critical Velocities for Rocket Sled Excitation of Rail Resonance: lamb.pdf Prediction and Measurement of Natural Vibration of Multistage Launch Vehicle: Alley_Leadbetter.pdf

Newsletters with Rocket and Spacecraft Articles Issue Feature Articles May 2010 Ares 1-X Roll Out Vibration  SCUD-B Missile Design         August 2008 hybrid_acceleration.mp3 UH1D_Huey.mp3 NASA_Ares1_Slides.pdf Hybrid Car Warning Sound    Huey Helicopter Sound & Vibration Ares I Launch Vehicle Vibration             January 2006 Stuka.wav Silver_Comet.mp3 Stuka Dive Bomber Siren   Lockheed C130J Hercules Vibration   Model Rocket Liftoff Acoustics     IIT Tube    February 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia Infrasound Snapping Shrimp Acoustics  July 2002 Space Shuttle Acoustics, Overpressure, and Vibration  May 2002 1. Acoustic Reverberant Chamber 2. Bolides  September 2001 1. The X-43A Flight Failure 2. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge  July 2001  Pegasus Launch Vehicle Shock & Vibration